Reading is the single most important educational skill any child will learn . Understanding the organisation and meaning of text and instruction in both phonics and literature is essential to helping children to read. Therefore, an understanding of the prerequisite skills for reading can build a solid foundation for students to learn and to succeed in school.
The following factors must be taken into consideration:
1. Create an appreciation of the written word. These include activities such as exposure to stories, sharing informational texts and providing opportunities to point out the ways reading is essential to communication in everyday life.
11. Develop an awareness of the printed language and the writing system. Activities include proper organisation of books, basic knowledge of the structure of books.
111. Teach the alphabet. Familiarise individuals with the letters of the alphabet.
1v. Develop students' phonological awareness. These include listening and speaking, paying attention to the meaning of language, and teaching the sounds or phonology of the language.
v. Develop phonemic awareness. This refers to the understanding that words and syllables are comprised of a sequence of elementary speech sounds.
vi. Teach children how to sound out words. These include the ability to decode, to sound out words, to blend sounds, and to learn spelling conventions.
vii. Help children to develop fluent , reflective reading. It is necessary to read new stories, reread old stories, interactively read harder texts, and analyse contextual clues to figure out the meanings of unfamiliar words.
viii. Teach children to spell words. This includes the ability to sound out letters one by one , use of spelling knowledge and strategies and the emphasis on modelling sounds.
These suggestions / guidelines can definitely be incorporated into the classroom environment so as to assist students with reading difficulties.
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